Publication:


abstract

With an estimated 2.6 million new HIV infections diagnosed annually, The world needs new Prevention strategies to partner with condom use, harm reduction approaches for injection drug users, and male circumcision. Antiretrovirals can reduce the risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission and limit HIV acquisition after occupational exposure. Macaque models and clinical trials demonstrate efficacy of oral or topical antiretrovirals used prior to HIV exposure to prevent HIV transmission, ie pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Early initiation of effective HIV treatment in serodiscordant couples results in a 96% decrease in HIV transmission. HIV testing to determine serostatus and identify undiagnosed persons is foundational to these approaches. The relative efficacy of different approaches, adherence, cost and long-term safety will affect uptake and impact of these strategies. Ongoing research will help characterize the role for oral and topical formulations and help quantify potential benefits in sub-populations at risk for HIV acquisition.

Related Articles
Optimal uses of antiretrovirals for prevention in HIV-1 serodiscordant heterosexual couples in South Africa: a modelling study.
PLoS Med. 2011
Optimal uses of antiretrovirals for prevention in HIV-1 serodiscordant heterosexual couples in South Africa: a modelling study.
Hallett TB, Baeten JM, Heffron R, Barnabas R, de Bruyn G, Cremin Í, Delany S, Garnett GP, Gray G, Johnson L, et al. PLoS Med. 2011 Nov; 8(11):e1001123. Epub 2011 Nov 15.
Willingness of Kenyan HIV-1 serodiscordant couples to use antiretroviral based HIV-1 prevention strategies.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2...
Willingness of Kenyan HIV-1 serodiscordant couples to use antiretroviral based HIV-1 prevention strategies.
Heffron R, Ngure K, Mugo N, Celum C, Kurth A, Curran K, Baeten JM. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012 May 16; . Epub 2012 May 16.
HIV-1 Prevention for HIV-1 Serodiscordant Couples.
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2012
HIV-1 Prevention for HIV-1 Serodiscordant Couples.
Curran K, Baeten JM, Coates TJ, Kurth A, Mugo NR, Celum C. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2012 Jun; 9(2):160-70.
Review Tenofovir-based pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention: evolving evidence.
Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2012
Review Tenofovir-based pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention: evolving evidence.
Celum C, Baeten JM. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2012 Feb; 25(1):51-7.
Review Oral preexposure anti-HIV prophylaxis for high-risk U.S. populations: current considerations in light of new findings.
AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2011
Review Oral preexposure anti-HIV prophylaxis for high-risk U.S. populations: current considerations in light of new findings.
Myers GM, Mayer KH. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2011 Feb; 25(2):63-71.