Publication:
Free Text: Mad is required for wingless signaling in wing development and segment patterning in Drosophila.


abstract

A key question in developmental biology is how growth factor signals are integrated to generate pattern. In this study we investigated the integration of the Drosophila BMP and wingless/GSK3 signaling pathways via phosphorylations of the transcription factor Mad. Wingless was found to regulate the phosphorylation of Mad by GSK3 in vivo. In epistatic experiments, the effects of Wingless on wing disc molecular markers (senseless, distalless and vestigial) were suppressed by depletion of Mad with RNAi. Wingless overexpression phenotypes, such as formation of ectopic wing margins, were induced by Mad GSK3 phosphorylation-resistant mutant protein. Unexpectedly, we found that Mad phosphorylation by GSK3 and MAPK occurred in segmental patterns. Mad depletion or overexpression produced Wingless-like embryonic segmentation phenotypes. In Xenopus embryos, segmental border formation was disrupted by Smad8 depletion. The results show that Mad is required for Wingless signaling and for the integration of gradients of positional information.

Related Articles
Wg signaling via Zw3 and mad restricts self-renewal of sensory organ precursor cells in Drosophila.
Genetics. 2011
Wg signaling via Zw3 and mad restricts self-renewal of sensory organ precursor cells in Drosophila.
Quijano JC, Stinchfield MJ, Newfeld SJ. Genetics. 2011 Nov; 189(3):809-24. Epub 2011 Aug 25.
Review Integration of BMP and Wnt signaling via vertebrate Smad1/5/8 and Drosophila Mad.
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2009
Review Integration of BMP and Wnt signaling via vertebrate Smad1/5/8 and Drosophila Mad.
Eivers E, Demagny H, De Robertis EM. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2009 Oct-Dec; 20(5-6):357-65. Epub 2009 Nov 5.
Wingless signaling and the control of cell shape in Drosophila wing imaginal discs.
Dev Biol. 2009
Wingless signaling and the control of cell shape in Drosophila wing imaginal discs.
Widmann TJ, Dahmann C. Dev Biol. 2009 Oct 1; 334(1):161-73. Epub 2009 Jul 21.
Lines is required for normal operation of Wingless, Hedgehog and Notch pathways during wing development.
Development. 2009
Lines is required for normal operation of Wingless, Hedgehog and Notch pathways during wing development.
Benítez E, Bray SJ, Rodriguez I, Guerrero I. Development. 2009 Apr; 136(7):1211-21.
Review Function of the wingless signaling pathway in Drosophila.
Methods Mol Biol. 2008
Review Function of the wingless signaling pathway in Drosophila.
Gonsalves FC, DasGupta R. Methods Mol Biol. 2008; 469:115-25.
Phosphorylation of Mad controls competition between wingless and BMP signaling.
Sci Signal. 2011
Phosphorylation of Mad controls competition between wingless and BMP signaling.
Eivers E, Demagny H, Choi RH, De Robertis EM. Sci Signal. 2011 Oct 11; 4(194):ra68. Epub 2011 Oct 11.
Drosophila Smad2 opposes Mad signaling during wing vein development.
PLoS One. 2010
Drosophila Smad2 opposes Mad signaling during wing vein development.
Sander V, Eivers E, Choi RH, De Robertis EM. PLoS One. 2010 Apr 28; 5(4):e10383. Epub 2010 Apr 28.
Review Spemann's organizer and the self-regulation of embryonic fields.
Mech Dev. 2009
Review Spemann's organizer and the self-regulation of embryonic fields.
De Robertis EM. Mech Dev. 2009 Dec; 126(11-12):925-41. Epub 2009 Sep 4.